Statistically significant is a phrase that many people throw around to add a little gravitas to their arguments, but I often wonder how many of these people actually understand what this phrase means. Some of the more frequent explanations I hear are that it means the p-value is small, or it signifies an important outcome to take note of, or it is an outcome that is most likely not occurring by chance. All of these responses are true, but having a fundamental understanding of the mechanics....